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( v; |8 h4 s: c$ B排列图的绘制# G- Y, j) v% d$ R% H
绘图函数pareto
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用pareto绘图程序:# s3 ^% c4 `# a
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排列图' J2 E, e& G5 l2 p6 X; D
9 y3 y) Q8 i2 Q9 q' F4 H& tY=[1 2 5 3.3 0.9 5.2];
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! Q7 b3 x; h6 q5 onames={'一队' '二队' '三队' '四队' '五队' '六队'};+ V$ \' \ l. |: D
$ `" S9 o# M9 A' UX=[1 2 3 4 5 6];, z2 P' K# r& L4 V% ]7 ?- z
4 y" E9 L1 |5 C4 b$ z- o4 Isubplot(211)3 Q; _* B5 i, S! p0 z6 x; U
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pareto(Y,names)%x轴的下标标识为names' B( m% {- w9 H0 D ^ `, \
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title('排列图示例一')
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\4 {5 \- ` D: g+ b1 Dsubplot(212)
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9 x7 c5 R" t. `8 [/ D# ^- gpareto(Y,X)
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title('排列图示例二')%x轴下标有x指定
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运行结果: (y轴左侧是标注累积曲线的 )
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+ r# l! `' t: _pareto(Y) labels each bar with its element index in Y and also plots a line displaying the cumulative sum of Y.
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用stem,stem3绘制柄状图
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用stem绘图程序:
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二维柄状图# V: ^# Z8 {7 f
# r; I1 \ o- T/ m0 E3 U$ my=linspace(0,2*pi,10)
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) V1 q+ C$ i7 o9 n1 `stem(cos(y),'fill','-.')%对离散图的末端进行了填充# z1 P8 c8 B% {( t: N1 t9 r
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title('二维柄状图示例');' \) B: }: A' I" { a* v* R/ t
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运行结果:
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阶梯图的绘制! m, J }/ n3 P' t1 ^$ a& u5 I6 K
6 u' f, r8 \ H; I绘图函数stairs
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+ P% ]6 e* z$ r使用stairs指令,可画出阶梯图,其精神和柄状图相近,只是将目前资料点的高度向右水平画至下一点为止。
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用scatter,scatter3绘制散点图7 E7 x7 _' G6 \( M/ O# U. p
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散点图指令scatter3标志三维数据点,前三个输入宗量必须是同长的向量。
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9 w) Y+ P) s# J( j H/ v用scatter绘图程序:( S8 W9 \# \2 R4 y6 O
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二维散点图# R- a; j. s! K: @6 \! m( X
+ v- H1 Y+ w# r2 F4 {x=rand(1,100)*100;%绘制图标的x,y轴的坐标
2 f; d6 Q/ V7 i" wy=rand(1,100)*100;" _2 W3 h" w* m9 K% C
s=rand(1,100)*100;%绘制图标的大小+ o9 K- P! V( J, e% b; [; R
c=rand(1,100)*255;%绘制图标的颜色
- M- C9 @2 O( Z+ Asubplot(2,1,1)
( p' {0 `, h* g8 Q6 m* x" Uscatter(x,y);%绘制具有默认大小与颜色的二维散点图
( e+ ]" D6 i+ ]title('二维散点图指令scatter(x,y)');
3 M9 R/ j8 W) q. gsubplot(2,1,2)
j4 y* l$ y3 T# K# jscatter(x,y,s,c);%绘制由参数s、c定义的二维散点图' \% a; K! F0 w9 u7 z
title('二维散点图指令scatter(x,y,s,c)');& S0 s& k K6 S
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. d1 n: m5 t5 g1 Lscatter(X,Y,S,C) displays colored circles at the locations specified by the vectors X and Y (which must be the same size).
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" V. r3 O$ x9 S% Y2 v) C* ]# A5 pS determines the area of each marker (specified in points^2). S can be a vector the same length as X and Y or a scalar. If S is a scalar, MATLAB draws all the markers the same size. If S is empty, the default size is used. ~. [0 T0 K! \2 ?/ ^, n' i3 A
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C determines the color of each marker. When C is a vector the same length as X and Y, the values in C are linearly mapped to the colors in the current colormap. When C is a 1-by-3 matrix, it specifies the colors of the markers as RGB values. If you have 3 points in the scatter plot and wish to have the colors be indices into the colormap, C should be a 3-by-1 matrix. C can also be a color string (see ColorSpec for a list of color string specifiers).
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[x,y,z]=sphere(16);%获取球体的坐标5 a8 p/ b6 n' I7 A
X=x(:);
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1 B/ A0 C, `$ TZ=z(:);%矩阵的转换
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C=floor(abs(Z)*255);%定义图标大小和颜色与球体的纬度有关1 A" v( e+ L" M% R, m9 m
scatter3(X,Y,Z,S,C,'filled')%绘制三维散点图,填充图标
0 t# c" b* g) P0 ftitle('三维散点图:球体示例')) }0 h+ @; `$ A" V1 J+ a0 n5 M2 P$ F
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B = floor(A) rounds the elements of A to the nearest integers less than or equal to A. For complex A, the imaginary and real parts are rounded independently.9 Z, ?: Z) E E6 \5 q" k9 y
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# U b4 ~' ~* D用plotmatrix绘制矩阵的散点图/ o# h, q$ B1 G& v8 s$ f7 F) V8 {
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指令 plotmatrix 有两种基本调用方式:
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(1)对于数据矩阵p*n 维的 X 和p*m 维的 Y ,调用格式 plotmatrix(X,Y) 将画出一个分割成m*n 个子散点图。其中第(i,j) 个子散点图是根据 Y 第i 列和 X 第j 列数据画出的。(2)对于数据矩阵 p*n维的 X ,调用格式 plotmatrix(X) 将画出分割成n*n 个子块的图。该图的对角块,画出的是 X 每列的数据的频数直方图;而其他子块是相应列构成的散点图。该指令可用来观察数据矩阵(或同一矩阵列向量)间的统计关系。
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/ Q; |3 h1 i$ v7 y xx=randn(50,3);& E @$ Q& a/ }) `+ |, C$ Q5 ^
y=x*[-1 2 1;2 0 1;1 -2 3];%定义绘制矩阵值3 \0 X# Q; N, ?# E. X6 R- N' B
plotmatrix(y,'*b')+ [; t* M: N) O5 D& k- K
title('绘制3×3散点图矩阵')
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plotmatrix(X,Y) scatter plots the columns of X against the columns of Y. If X is p-by-m and Y is p-by-n, plotmatrix produces an n-by-m matrix of axes.
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plotmatrix(X) is the same as plotmatrix(X,X), except that the diagonal is replaced by hist(X(:,i)).5 ?& e* H7 x4 p* Q1 X
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contour(Z):绘制矩阵Z的等高线图,其中Z为相对X-Y平面的高度,Z必须是至少2*2的矩阵且其中至少有两个不同的值。等高线的级数和各级等高线的数值是基于Z的最大和最小值之间自动选取的,X和Y的范围分别是[1:n]和[1:m], 其中[m,n] = size(Z)。" e( o4 L2 a( h8 D2 F8 B
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contour(Z,n):绘制矩阵Z的n级等高线图* a: D$ {% D! X5 Q* P, N' M
[C,h] = contour(...) returns a contour matrix, C, derived from the matrix returned by the low-level contourc function, and a handle, h, to a contourgroup object. clabel uses the contour matrix C to create the labels.
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9 J) ^- a2 r. s. L[X,Y]=meshgrid(-2:.2:2,-2:.2:3);%表面网格函数
/ w6 l* e6 V# V2 MZ=X.*exp(-X.^2-Y.^2);# P% Q. B, a$ r* i" R! ^
[C,h]=contour(X,Y,Z,10);%绘制轮廓线
# |1 K- \# c2 Oclabel(C,h)%对轮廓线进行标注
3 F; T2 B! Q- }) i9 Ktitle('二维轮廓图示例')$ Y8 i& H2 ~2 t! p8 U* f, O& X2 S8 R
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